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Off the Agenda: Conversations for Building Church Leaders

May 5, 2008

Leadership from a Higher Plane

A lesson from Robert E. Lee

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My great-grandfather was born during the Civil War, and his parents named him Robert Lee Shelley. Want to guess which side of that conflict they were on?

I didn’t know this until recently, thanks to my dad’s genealogical research, which traced the family to Grand Glaise, Arkansas, where the Shelleys ran a sawmill and a small hotel. Since this revelation, I’ve been newly interested in the character and leadership of my great-grandfather’s namesake.

I learned, for instance, that one of General Robert E. Lee’s most significant moments of leadership was not on a battlefield but on the eve of his surrender.

After four years of warfare, during which, except for the final campaign, he had repeatedly out-performed his opponents, he now had to face the reality that he could not continue the war against the well-resourced Union Army. His Army of Northern Virginia numbered 15,000, while Union forces under General Ulysses Grant numbered 80,000.

His soldiers weren’t ready to quit. Even with their shortages of food and ammunition, they would greet him, “General! General! Say the word, General, and we’ll go after them again.”

The night before he met with General Grant to discuss an end to the war, his artillery officer, E.P. Alexander, recommended that the Confederate Army should “scatter like rabbits and partridges in the woods” and fight a guerilla war.

It must have been a tempting suggestion. Lee had already lost his home and virtually all his worldly goods, including his savings and investments. Worse, he had lost a daughter, a daughter-in-law, two grandchildren, and countless friends and comrades. A patriot who loved his country and his home state, he now was deprived of citizenship and liable to be tried for treason. Why shouldn’t he give his men permission to continue striking back at those who had carried out the Union’s policy of total war, destroying much of the South’s countryside?

But Lee looked at Alexander and shook his head.

“The men would have no rations, and they would be under no discipline,” he said. “They would have to plunder and rob to procure subsistence. The country would be full of lawless bands in every part, and a state of society would ensue from which it would take the country years to recover. The enemy’s cavalry would pursue… and everywhere they went, there would be fresh rapine and destruction.”

Lee told Alexander that he mustn’t think of what surrender would mean in terms of lost honor; they had to do what was best for their country.

Alexander recounted later, “I had not a single word to say in reply. He had answered my suggestion from a plane so far above it that I was ashamed of having made it.”

When I found that story in H.W. Crocker’s book Robert E. Lee on Leadership (Prima, 2000), I asked, “What does this say about Lee’s character?” Perhaps a leader’s most difficult task is to view the current situation from a higher plane, to see beyond the immediate situation to the long-term effects.

This requires more than 20/20 eyesight. It requires a wisdom that rises above accomplishing my current agenda.

Have you and your team ever prayed for a “God’s-eye view” of your ministries? When we do, it both humbles and energizes us.

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Marshall Shelley is editor of Leadership journal and an editorial advisor to BuildingChurchLeaders.com and Off the Agenda.

Posted by Rachel Willoughby at 7:00 AM on May 5, 2008 | Comments (13) | Trackbacks (0)

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Excuse me? Lee was fighting against the U.S. government (thus the charge of treason) and for slavery. So what if his argument for surrender was on a "higher plane." Would we hold up a Taliban leader as an example of leadership if he chose surrender for the same reasons as Lee, versus continued guerilla warfare?

Convicting and true. Thanks, Marshall.

Steve, do you mean: would we honor a person who put the well being of society over a petty need to get back at someone else? If that's what you mean, then yes, we would honor a Taliban leader who exercised a measure of selflessness.

Your criticism doesn't work. Anyone can attack a person 150 years removed from that context. Lee lived in a tragic era in which most Christians thought that God approved of slavery and that statehood was more important than nationhood. We can abhor slavery and still learn from a great leader who, by the grace of God only, was most likely a genuine believer.

And you wonder why Sunday morning remains the most racially segregated time of the week in America?

Whatever leadership qualities Lee may have had in his time, he nonetheless chose to join and prolong a bloody and horrific war of rebellion against a legitimate nation state (see Romans 13:1-5) in order to preserve a society in which there was a vast disparity of wealth and human rights, including outright oppression and slavery. That he chose to surrender and not prolong the inevitable when outnumbered more than five to one shows common sense, but hardly rises to the level of great leadership. Christian history is replete with far better and more visionary examples of leadership than this, from Polycarp to Athanasius to Wesley to Tyndale, to Livingston to Hudson to Eliot and thousands of others (many of them, not coincidentally, martyred). Please, please, CT, you can do better than this.

We all have things that we are not proud of, were pointing out Lee's but a little known fact is that Grant's wife owned slaves and were not condemning him or her. President Lincoln first wanted to set up a country to send the slaves to when they were freed. I think we need to search our heart and do whats right when we make a wrong move like Lee did, as a Christian this is our goal to repent daily and learn from our mistakes.

Isn't the point here that those of us who serve as leaders have to rise above strong opinions and do what is best from "a higher plane"? I think there's a good lesson here, but I'll admit that its hard to learn from someone whose values are so opposite my own.

YOU GUYS WITH THE NEGATIVE COMMENTS HAVE NO IDEA WHAT YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT.YOU ARE TYPICAL OF NORTHERN BIGOTS.
READ THE HISTORY WITH YOUR EYES OPEN. TAKE OFF YOUR BIGOT LENSES.
I END WITH THIS EULOGY ON A TOMBSTONE IN A CEMETERY IN LEXINGTON, VA. WHERE STONEWALL JACKSON IS BURIED. (AN OWNER OF SLAVES) READ HIS LIFE AND SEE WHAT HIS SLAVES THOUGHT OF HIM.
"WILLIAM S NEWMAN BORN 1830, SLAIN NEAR WINCHESTER VA.SEPT. 19, 1864 DEFENDING THE SACRED SOIL AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF HIS NATIVE STATE, VA.

Well said, Steve and Danny as well. I hear that a lot, to this day!, that "oh, that was the times". Yeah, but what about those that chose to rise above the social norms and look in their hearts, not their leaders, to judge what is right. I could be wrong but didn't the Baptist church over the issue of slavery?

My critique was more about using Lee as an example of leadership than whether or not he actually was an effective leader. As the nature of the other comments bear out, the example has too many cultural undertones and subtexts, and so is too divisive to be used effectively to make clear what Shelley was trying to explain. In that regard, I think Barbara hit it on the head. A good communicator needs to be very aware of the implications of their examples and allusions, so that their key message isn't usurped by those implications. At the same time, however, I have to say that I disagree with Shawn who says that we'd honor a Taliban leader who exercised a measure of selflessness. Would we acknowledge that he (or she) had done the right thing? Sure. But "honor" them?

Speaking from another perspective all together... As a Canadian, i find it interesting that we see the State as holy, yet the men in it as misguided and unholy. It is only in godly men that we can have godly States, Provinces or Countries.

I believe that many godly people died on both sides of the American Civil War. That is both sad and enlightening... we all could learn from that. In Illinois, at it's highest elevation just north of St. Louis, there is a cemetery in which whole families are buried. In one plot, there are grandfathers, fathers and sons...some fought and died for the south...some for the north.

How i wish they had died for Christ instead. But the same applies to us here in Canada...and anywhere else for that matter. Nationalism is not the essence of Christian faith. The essence of Christian faith was the start of a nation. Men like Lee had genuine faith in Christ, a culture in which to live out that faith, and a Holy Spirit to direct them. And a compassionate God who will sort out, and judge all their actions. We too have that same privilege... to meet God and have our actions judged.

John L., your sentiment is deeply felt, but as a Civil War buff, I can definitively tell you you're wrong to think Lee fought for slavery. He actually fought because Virginia seceded from the Union, which all the Confederate generals felt, and had sworn loyalty to, as West Point graduates. He was actually quite torn over the decision, as were most of those who'd served honorably for years in the US Army.

In that era, the people felt high loyalty to their individual states, as they were leery of the federal government, thinking their home states were far wiser than the behemoth that they were a small part of. Lee was indeed a Christian, as were most in that era, and he agonized every time he lost a battle, not for the Confederacy's future, but for the lives of his men. He was a great military strategist, and tremendous leader, despite the colors and side he fought for, quite valiantly and wisely, I might add.

I'm saddened but not surprised to read the comments by those who refuse to benefit from the maturity and leadership of Robert E. Lee just because he chose to fight for the "wrong" side of the war.

The inability to see past a person's flaws and misjudgments to recognize the more significant elements is a sign of myopia of the heart.

Thank you BCL and Mr. Shelley for demonstrating that wisdom doesn't mean having to agree in every detail--or even the necessity of being right in all our judgments. It's the ability to think clearly in ambiguous circumstances, and to exercise a generosity of spirit even when people want you to be narrow and mean-spirited.

I agree. There is little to compare Lee with enemies of America today, like the Talaban. Yes, there was differences between the North and the South. And, most will find it impossible to argue that Slavery was not the primary, if only, issue; however, it is also a reality that there was racial bias in the North on an equal plane with the aristocracy of the South.

The truth we have today has brought us far, and we have further to go, in seeing equality of race in America and the world. But to compare the military leaders of the South to the enemies of America who terrorize the world and hate democracy is not a clear picture of the past.

Yes, Lee, was a Believer and yes he fought for a government that believed in the perpetuation of Slavery, but he, like so many other Southerners, fought for their State over the founding of a new nation. Before the American Civil War all language in written form referred to the US as the United States of America are, but after the war the language changed to the United States of America is. The Civil War changed much.

I agree with Shelley.

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